Al-Biruni’s mechanical calendar .. and

An eight-geared lunisolar calendar illustrated in al-Biruni’s treatise on the astrolabe, written in AD 996 -a simple design probably descending from the Antikythera Mechanism

In the 11th century, the Persian polymath scholar Abu Rayhan Biruni described the Milky Way galaxy as a multitude of fragments having the properties of nebulous stars, and also gave the latitudes of various stars during a lunar eclipse in 1019.